英語句子按照使用目的和交際功能分為陳述句，疑問句，祈使句，感嘆句。

一、陳述句

用來表述一件事或表達一種看法，有肯定式和否定式，常用降調。

1.陳述句的肯定式主要由主語和動詞或動詞短語兩部分構成，如：He finished his homework.

2.陳述句的否定式的構成是在肯定式的基礎上在其系動詞be(am, is, are, was, were)或情態動詞（can, must, may, should…），助動詞（do, does, did, have, has, will, would）的后面直接加not構成。如：He didn&39;t finish his homework./She isn&39;t a teacher.

二、疑問句

用來提問的句子，句末用問號。疑問句考查內容有一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句。

1.一般疑問句的基本結構為：Be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+動詞+其他？句子要用聲調。如：Is your father a teacher? Do you enjoy listening to music? Can you speak English?

2.特殊疑問句多數以who, when, where, what, why, which, whose, how這類特殊疑問詞開頭。其基本結構為：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句，即特殊疑問詞+be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+動詞+其他？如：What is your father? When will the meeting start?

3.選擇疑問句是用來提出兩種或者兩種以上的選擇（用or連接），要求對方選擇一種情況回答的問句。語調一般是前面的選擇用升調，最后一種選擇用降調。選擇疑問句分為一般選擇疑問句和特殊選擇疑問句兩種。

（1）一般選擇疑問句的構成：一般疑問句+or+選擇部分？如：Do you like red or yellow?

（2）特殊選擇疑問句的構成：特殊疑問句，A or B ? 如：Which colour do you like, red or yellow?

4.反意疑問句是一種常用于口語的疑問句，這種問句由兩部分組成，前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是附加的簡短問句，中間用逗號隔開，因此反意疑問句又稱附加疑問句。

反意疑問句的特點：如果陳述句是肯定句式，附加句式用否定句式；如果陳述句是否定形式，附加問句用肯定句式。如：They didn&39;t clean the classroom yesterday, did they? 如果陳述句中有no, never, nothing, seldom, hardly, few, little等否定意義的詞時，陳述句就可以看成是否定句，附加句式就用肯定形式。如：He has few friends, does he?

幾種特殊形式的反意疑問句：（1）Let&39;s go to school, shall we? （2）Let us go to school, will you? （3）祈使句（肯定形式和否定形式），will you? 如：Open the door, will you?/Don&39;t open the door, will you?

三、祈使句

表示命令，請求，建議或勸告等。祈使句的主語是第二人稱you,常常省略，謂語動詞用原形。沒有時態變化，不能與情態動詞連用。有肯定式和否定式兩種形式。如：Be quiet. Stand up, please. Don&39;t shout.

四、感嘆句

用來表達說話人強烈的喜怒哀樂等情緒，用how或what引導。how和what所修飾的詞放在其后，其他部分用陳述語序。在口語中主語和謂語常省略，句末使用感嘆號。

1.What引導的感嘆句，句式基本結構：

What+a/an+形容詞+可數名詞單數+（主語+謂語）！如：What a nice watch (it is)!

What+形容詞+可數名詞復數/不可數名詞+（主語+謂語）！如:What beautiful flowers(they are)! /What important news (it is)!

2.How引導的感嘆句，句式基本結構：

How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！如：How tall the girl is!/ How hard he works!

五、練習

（一）根據句意和要求，變換句式。

1.She has finished her homework. (否定句)

2.Did they have a good time in Beijing last week?（陳述句）

3.He gets up at six o&39;clock every morning. （劃線提問）

4.Let&39;s have a break, _______?（反意疑問句）

5.What beautiful flowers they are!（同義句）

6.Close your books, please.（否定句）

7.There is little water in the cup, _______? （反意疑問句）

8.She moved to Shanghai two years ago.（劃線提問）

9.How tall the building is!（同義句）

10. Don&39;t talk in class, _______?（反意疑問句）

（二）句子翻譯。

1.我喜歡看小說。

2.大年初一你們不準大清掃。

3.昨天早上你為什么上學遲到？

4.你每天走路還是騎自行車上學？

5.多么好的天氣啊！

6.圖書館內禁止喧嘩。

7.你喜歡哪一種水果，香蕉還是葡萄？

8.他們每天都踢足球，對嗎？

9.將來書會被因特網取代嗎？

10.我買這塊手表已經三個月了。

*練習參考答案

（一）1.She hasn&39;t finished her homework.

2.They had a good time in Beijing last week.

3.When does he get up every morning?

4. shall we

5.How beautiful the flowers are!

6. Don&39;t close your books, please.

7.is there

8.When did she move to Shanghai?

9.What a tall building it is!

10. will you

（二）1.I like reading novels.

2.You mustn&39;t do any cleaning on the first day of the Spring Festival.

3.Why were you late for school yesterday morning?

4.Do you walk or ride a bike to school?

5.What fine weather it is!/ How fine the weather is!

6.Don&39;t shout in the library!

7.Which fruit do you like, bananas or grapes?

8.They play football every day, don&39;t they?

9.Will books be replaced by the Internet in the future?

10. I have had the watch for three months.