科技改變生活 · 科技引領未來
科技改變生活 · 科技引領未來
【停課不停學：隨身課本送給大家】
高中人教版英語選修七第4單元：課文內容和單詞語法精講
Unit 4
airmail [?e?meil]n.航空郵件
fortnight [?f?:tnait]n.兩星期
hear from接到……的信
(be) dyingto極想；渴望
roof [ru:f]n.屋頂；車頂
muddy [?m?di]adj.泥濘的；泥土般的
textbook [?tekstbuk]n.教科書；課本
concept [?k?nsept]n.觀念；概念
△bucket [?b?kit]n.水桶；吊桶；提桶
the otherday不久前的一天
weekly [?wi:kli]adj.&adv.每周（的）
△bubble [?b?b?l]vi.起泡；沸騰；汩汩地流動
relevant[?rel?v?nt]adj.有關的；切題的
remote [ri?m?ut]adj.遙遠的；偏僻的
△ridge [rid?]n.山脊；屋脊
weed [wi:d]n.雜草；野草vt.& vi.除雜草
△hut [h?t]n.棚屋；小屋
rectangle [?rekt??gl]n.矩形；長方形
rectangular[rek?t??gjul?]adj.長方形的；矩形的
adjust[??d??st]vi.& vt.調整；（使）適合
platform [?pl?tf?:m]n.臺；平臺；講臺；（火車站的）月臺
broom [bru:m]n.掃帚
tin [tin]n.錫 公眾號：新標準英語（NSEnglish）
jar [d?ɑ:]n.罐；廣口瓶
sniff [snif]vt. & vi.嗅；聞；用鼻子吸
participate[pɑ:?tisipeit]vi.參與；參加
interpreter [in?t?:prit?]n.作口譯的人
grill [gril]n.烤架；大平底鍋vt.燒烤；炙烤
dry out（使浸水等之物）完全變干；干透
△leftover [&39;left??uv?]n.剩余物；殘留物；剩飯
adj.剩余的
△evil [?i:v?l]adj.邪惡的n.邪惡；罪惡
dry up（指河流、井等）干涸
otherwise[??e?waiz]conj.否則；不然
adv.用別的方法；其他方面
privilege [?privilid?]n.特權；特別優待
paperwork [&39;peip??w?:k]n.文書工作
arrangement [??reind?m?nt]n.安排；排列
toast [t?ust]vt.烤（面包等）；敬酒
n.烤面包（片）；吐司面包；干杯
comb [k?um]n.梳子vi.梳（發）
astronaut [??str?n?:t]n.宇航員；太空人
angle [???g?l]n.角；角度
catalogue [?k?t?l?g]n.目錄
donate[d?u?neit]vt.捐贈
voluntary[?v?l?nt?ri]adj .自愿的；無償的
in need在困難中；在危急中
purchase[?p?:t??s]vt. & n.買；購買
anniversary [??n??v?:s?ri]n.周年紀念（日）
seed [si:d]n.種子；萌芽
△seedlingn.秧苗；樹苗
△vaccination [?v?ksi?nei??n]n.接種疫苗
△loan [l?un]n.貸款
sew [s?u]vi.（用針線）縫vt.縫制；縫合
sewing machine [m???i(:)n] 縫紉機
△supplement [?s?plim?nt]n.增補的事物；補充；附錄；增刊
ox [?ks]n.公牛
△plough [plau]vi.（犁）地；（耕）地
trunk [tr??k]n.樹干；軀干；大衣箱
trunk library [?laibr?ri] 箱式（柜式）圖書館
tractor [?tr?kt?]n.拖拉機；牽引機
click[klik]vi. & vt.（使）發出咔嗒聲n.咔嗒聲
tailor [?teil?]n.裁縫vt.剪裁；縫制（衣服）
△economic [?i:k??n?mik]adj.經濟的；經濟學的
political [p??litik?l]adj.政治的；政黨的
distribute[di?stribju:t]vt.分配；分發
distributionn.分配；分發；分布狀態
△financial [f??n?n??l]adj.財務的；金融的；財政的
security [si?kju?riti]n.安全；保護；保障
operate[??p?reit]vi.工作；運轉vt.操作
clinic [?klinik]n.門診部；小診所
Unit4 A LETTER HOME
一封家信
Dear Rosemary, 親愛的羅斯瑪麗：
Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive. 謝謝你的來信，這封信兩星期才到。 It was wonderful to hear from you. 收到你的信真是太高興了。I know you&39;re dying to hear all about my life here, so I&39;ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. 我知道你急于了解我在這兒的生活情況。因此，我在信中附有幾張照片，能夠幫助你想象出我所談到的地方。
You asked about my high school. 你問起我的中學情況。Well, it&39;s a bush school – the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. 噢，它是一所叢林學校——教室是用竹子搭起來的，屋頂是用茅草蓋的。 It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. 我只要沿著一條泥濘的小路步行幾分鐘就到學校了。When I reach the school grounds there are lots of &34;good mornings&34; for me from the boys. 每當我走到學校操場的時候，迎接我的是男孩子們一片“早上好”的聲音。Many of them have walked along way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to school.他們中許多人走了很長的路，有時候要走兩個小時才能到學校。
There&39;s no electricity or water and even no textbooks either! 這里沒有電，也沒有水，甚至連課本也沒有！ I&39;m still trying to adapt to these conditions. 我還在努力適應這兒的生活條件。 However, one thing is for sure, I&39;ve become more imaginative in my teaching. 但是有一點是肯定的，我在教學中變得更富有想象力了。Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments. 理科對我來說是最富挑戰性的課，因為我的學生對做實驗沒有概念。In fact there is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket!實際上，根本沒有設備。如果需要水，我還得從家里用水桶提過來！The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixturewas bubbling over everywhere!有一天，我正給孩子們做每周一次的化學實驗的演示，我還沒有明白怎么回事，混合劑就到處冒氣泡了！The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.男孩們以前從來沒有見過這種情況，嚇得都往窗外跳去。Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. 有時候，我真想知道，化學對這些孩子究竟有多大的用處。他們中的大多數人學完八年級以后就要回到他們的村莊去了。To be honest, I doubt whether I&39;m making any difference to these boys&39; lives at all.說實在的，我真的不知道我教的課是否會讓這些孩子的生活有所改變。
You asked whether I&39;m getting to know any local people. 你問我是否了解當地的老百姓。Well, that&39;s actually quite difficult as I don&39;t speak much of the local English dialect yet. 這實在是太難了，因為我還說不了幾句當地人說的英語。But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and 1 did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys,Tombe. 不過，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教師真的去訪問了一個村莊，那是我的學生湯貝的家。 It was my first visit to a remote village.這是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。We walked for two and a half hours to get there -first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 我們步行了兩個半小時才到達那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一個陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。When we arrived at the village, Tombe&39;s mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden,started crying &34;ieee ieee&34;.當我們到村莊的時候，湯貝的母親齊亞克本來在園子里拔草，看到我們就“噯矣，噯矣”地叫了起來。We shook hands with all the villagers. 我們同所有的村民都握了手。Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombe&39;s.每個人看上去都是湯貝家的親戚。
Tombe&39;s father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof - this shows it is a man&39;s house. 湯貝的父親叫莫卡普，他把我們帶到他的家里。這是一個低矮的竹屋，屋頂上伸出一簇茅草——它代表這間竹屋是男人住的。The huts were round, not rectangular like the school buildings.屋子是圓的，不像學校那樣是長方形的。There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. 這里沒有窗戶，房門只夠一個人進出。The hut was dark inside soit took time for our eyes to adjust. 小屋內很黑，因此眼睛要過好一陣子才能適應過來。Fresh grass had been laidon the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. 地上擺放著一堆新鮮的草，還新做了一個平臺，是供詹妮和我睡覺用的。Usually Kiak would sleep inher own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us. 通常齊亞克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我們一起睡在平臺上。 Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut. 莫卡普和湯貝則睡在竹屋另一邊的小床上。 There was a fireplace inthe centre of the hut near the doorway. 在竹屋中間靠近房門的地方有一個火爐。The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.我所看到的僅有的家具是一把掃帚，幾個錫盤和錫杯，還有兩個罐子。
Outside Mukap was building a fire. 莫卡普在屋子外邊生火。 once the fire was going, he laid stones on it. 火著起來后，他往火里扔了幾塊石頭。When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), corn and greens. 燒熱以后，他把石頭放在一個空油桶里，加上一些考考（紅薯）、玉米和青菜，He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam.然后他用香蕉葉把這些蔬菜蓋上，等著它們蒸熟。 I sniffed the food; itsmelled delicious. 我用鼻子嗅，食物聞起來很香。We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. 我們在房里圍著火爐坐下來吃東西。I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate the conversation. 他們家里人輕聲細語地用自己的語言在交談。我很喜歡聽他們談話，盡管我不能加入他們的談話。Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.幸好，湯貝能給我們當翻譯。
Later,I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.后來，我發現有一個錫罐子倒放在火爐的烤架上。After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway.過了一會兒，湯貝把它從門道里扔了出去。I was puzzled.我不懂為什么這么做。Tombe told me that the canwas heated to dry out the leftover food.湯貝告訴我說，罐子加熱是為了把里面的殘菜剩飯燒干。They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the canand the can is then thrown out of the hut.他們相信剩飯在夜晚會引來邪靈，所以要把食物放在罐子里燒干，再把罐子一起扔到屋外去。Otherwise they don&39;t waste anything.否則的話，他們是不會浪費任何東西的。
W eleft the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.第二天早晨，經過一番緊緊握手和道別之后，我們就離開了村莊。My muscles were aching andmy knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home.我們爬下山回家，往回走的時候，我的腿部肌肉發痛，膝蓋發抖。That evening I fell happily into bed.那天晚上我很開心，倒在床上就睡了。It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe&39;s family.跟湯貝一家度過了一天，真是一種殊榮。
It&39;s getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow&39;s lessons and do some paperwork.Please write soon.天色很晚了，我還得準備明天的功課呢。請早日來信。
Love
Jo 愛你的，喬
Unit 4
THE WORLD&39;SMOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUE
世界上最有用的禮物清單
Would you like to donate an unusual gift?你是否想要贈送一份特殊的禮物？Then this is the catalogue for you.那么下面這份禮單供你參考吧。The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人留念的，而是給那些確有需要的人的一項生活上的無償捐助。
Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world&39;s poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.從這份清單中選擇一份確實有用的禮物，送給世界上最窮苦的人吧。給急需幫助的社區帶去一份改善未來的希望吧。
When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.你選購一項禮物時，我們都會給你提供一張精美的卡片，讓你送給你的某個特殊的人。You can use the cards forany special occasion-weddings ,births, birthdays, Christmas or anniversaries,etc.這種卡片可以用在任何一種特殊的場合 —— 結婚、出生、生日、圣誕節、周年紀念等。
Gifts禮物 Cost(AUD)價值（澳元）
A 20tree seedlings 20株樹苗 $5
B A loan to set up women’s self-help group組建婦女自助會的貸款 $8
C Water supply for one person一個人的用水 $10
DTraining in vegetable gardening蔬菜園藝培訓 $15
E Child vaccinations against 6 killer diseases預防六種兒童致命疾病的疫苗$20
F School books 學校用書$20
G Basic adult education 成人基礎教育 $25
H Basic health-care services 基本保健服務 $30
I One year of primary schooling 小學一年的學費 $35
J A goat for a poor family 資助困難戶一頭羊 $40
K A family toilet 家用廁具 $50
L Water for a family 一個家庭的用水 $65
M A loan to set up a small business 建一家小型企業的貸款 $85
N A sewing machine 一臺縫紉機 $100
O Family nutritional supplements 家用營養補品 $130
P Oxen for ploughing 耕牛 $180
Q A trunk library 箱式圖書館 $200
R Assistance for families headed by children 對遺孤家庭的扶助金 $300
S A community primary school 社區小學經費 $500
T Village tractor 村莊拖拉機 $1000
U A well and water pump 水井和水泵 $1350
To致_______
To let you know that I am thinking of you, I have purchased a gift from the World’s Most Useful Gift Catalogue for you to give to some of the world’s poorest. 為了讓你知道我在想著你們，特從“世界上最有用的禮物清單”中購得一份禮物，請你轉送給世界上最窮苦的人。
This gift will train a whole village of around 40 families in India, Kenya, or Bangladesh in new agricultural methods, and provide seeds and simple agricultural equipment.這份禮物給印度、肯尼亞或孟加拉國約40戶人口的村莊，對他們進行新的農業生產方法的培訓，并提供種子和簡單的農業機械。Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health, between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.僅僅提高20%的產量就意味著會對人的患病與健康、家庭饑餓與自足產生影響。
From 來自______
Unit 4 語法知識點：
定語從句
1. 關系代詞 that, which (物) that, who, whom(人)whose(人和物)
①關系代詞在從句做主語，賓語，表語。當做賓語時，可以省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.（that做主語，先行詞是物）
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.（which先行詞是物，在從句中作賓語可省，） She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.（that先行詞是人，在從句中做賓語可省）
②who在從句中多做主語，whom只能做賓語，（介詞和動詞后）
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?（who在從句中做主語，先行詞是人）
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.（whom在從句中做賓語，可?。?/p>
③ whose先行詞即可是人也可是物。
I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
2. 關系副詞
where 在從句中作地點狀語 when 在從句中作時間狀語 why 在從句中作原因狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there.
This is the house where I was born.
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
三、介詞/介詞短語+關系代詞（which, whom）
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. This is the hotel in which you will stay.
關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于&34;介詞+ which&34;結構，因此常常和&34;介詞+ which&34;結構交替使用。
例如：There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
四、 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
1. 形式不同
2. 作用不同
限定性定語從句用于對先行詞的意義進行修飾、限制和識別，如果去掉，就會造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定語從句用于對先行詞起補充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整：
3. 翻譯不同 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車被竊的那個人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我請了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
4. 先行詞不同
五、 as引導的定語從句 as可以引導限制性和非限制性定語從句，在從句中做主語，賓語和表語。翻譯成“像?一樣”或“像” such?as 像??一樣，之類 the same?as 和??一樣
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(as在從從句中做賓語，)
That’s the same tool as I used last week.
六、 as引導的定語從句和which的區別
①which 限制性非限制性位于句后修飾整句或先行詞
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
② as 多 和 被 動 語 態 連 用 ， be known, be said, be reported, be announced, be expected等
③當非限制性定語從句是否定時，只能用which。
He came here very late, which was unexpected.
七、 特殊情況
只能用that的情況：
1.先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時
2.先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時
3.先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時
4.先行詞有序數詞修飾時
5.先行詞既指人又指物時
6.先行詞被the only, the very修飾時
7.句中已經有who或which時，為了避免重復時
例如：
1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
二、 只能用which不能用that的情況:
1. 非限制性定語從句
2. 介詞+which
3. the way 做先行詞時，定語從句可由that, in which 引導或不用引導詞。
4. 當先行詞是point, situation, stage等時，引導詞用where.
知識點：英語·選修7&34;Sharing&34;
劉凱老師介紹
劉凱，男，蒙古族，黑龍江省齊齊哈爾人。本科為哈爾濱師范大學英語系，碩士為北京理工大學。2010年赴美國賓夕法尼亞大學交流學習；2013年美國亞利桑那大學訪問學者；2015年澳大利亞新南威爾士大學ESL研修；2018年加州理工學院語言學雙學位獲得者；2019年赴澳大利亞麥考瑞大學交流習；GRE托?？荚嚾蚋叻肢@得者；榮獲長江商學院EMBA。
北京市優秀青年教師，北京市級重點高中示范校骨干教師，多年高中一線執教經驗，高三年級把關教師，多次參與東城區模擬試題命題工作，教學理念先進，教學成果突出，多篇教學論文獲市區級獎項。多篇文章發表在《中國教育報》《中國考試》《北京教育》等報刊上。多次參加高考閱卷工作，參與人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各類高考教學用書的編寫工作，有豐富的備考經驗，國際核心期刊發表多篇論文。
教育部課題研究員，參與國家十二五課題計劃，并作出突出貢獻，參與初中、高中各年級區級試題的命制，多次承擔區級和市級研究課任務。北京市科技英語優秀指導教師，所帶學生在各級英語口語、作文競賽中多次獲獎；將扎實的英語基本功和嚴謹的學術思想作為教學的基礎，課堂上善于寓教于樂，信息量大，內容豐富，使學生在和諧的課堂氣氛下欣賞英語、享受英語、掌握英語、運用英語。
2009-2012年期間，多次受邀在北京廣播電臺主持英語高考大綱解析及英語新課程改革節目，學術功底深厚，兼具偶像派與實力派特點，教風親切灑脫，詼諧幽默，思維開闊，屢有奇思妙想，善于引導學生學以致用，對高考動向把握極其準確，深受學生和家長歡迎。尤其擅長英語語法和單詞記憶法。
海外生活學習十年，社科人文類學科偏愛者；10年雅思教齡，知名教師培訓師；指導上萬考生快速沖刺雅思寫作、閱讀，平均分數7.5分；獨創“段落清空”、極簡化“針對檢索式”閱讀法等眾多高效技法；每年雅思考試均在10次以上；均分8+；真題回憶準確度97%以上；貼近西式思路和語言指導學生寫作；善于幫助學生突破學術寫作思維瓶頸。講授科目有長難句、翻譯、四六級考試、閱讀和寫作；在2014、2015、2017、2019四年考研中，接受其培訓的所有考生中有近萬名考生取得高分。帶給學生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是對英語領悟和感知的突破。純正的英音、獨到的見解、睿智的思維和輕松幽默的語言，為其贏得了廣大學生的認同和喜愛。
資深考研培訓講師；
英語四六級考試天團高級講師；
雅思閱讀、雅思寫作培訓主講名師；
六級考試閱卷組成員；
深諳命題規律和解題套路，對英語的學習規律和方法見解獨特。
呼吁國人學習英語的態度：
重復是記憶之母。
用聽，用看，用心去觸摸每個單詞，你便會有好的記憶。
中國人要學好英語就要有一點點變態。
上課特點：課堂從不需點名，卻無人缺席
教學理念：英語教師很幸運也有責任與學生一同叩響世界之門
何悅華